澳洲坚果

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【中文学名】：澳洲坚果

【拉丁学名】：Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.

【别名】：昆士兰栗、澳洲胡桃、夏威夷果、昆士兰果

界：植物界                      门：被子植物门

纲：双子叶植物纲        亚纲：原始花被亚纲

目：山龙眼目                   科：山龙眼科

属：澳洲坚果属               种：澳洲坚果种

【分布区域】：澳大利亚东部、新喀里多尼亚、印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛

【药用价值】：

    动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病：动脉粥样硬化是工业化国家中最常见的疾病之一，动脉粥样硬化的发生与饮食习惯密切相关。澳洲坚果油这种单不饱和脂肪酸含量极高的天然植物油，不仅自身不含胆固醇，同时还可以降低血液中LDL胆固醇（坏胆固醇）的含量，同时又能维持甚至增加HDL胆固醇（好胆固醇）的含量。这种一箭双雕的双向调节作用是其他脂肪所不具备的。这也是澳洲坚果油为什么能预防心脏病的原因。

    经医学证明，澳洲坚果油能很有效地降低血压。国外于1996年进行的一项研究中，16位血压偏高的妇女同意在一个月的时间里改吃澳洲坚果油。结果，她们的血压平均从161/94降到了151/85，舒张压与收缩压几乎都降低了10毫米汞柱。

长期食用澳洲坚果油，人的血脂会控制在一个健康的状态下。由于澳洲坚果油对血脂的双相调节作用，能有效地降低血液粘稠度，从而防止动脉粥样硬化，可以有效地保护心脑血管系统。最新研究认为澳洲坚果油有预防血栓形成和控制血压的作用。

糖尿病：

    澳洲坚果中富含的单不饱和脂肪酸能降低血压、调节和控制血糖水平、改善糖尿病患者的脂质代谢，是糖尿病患者最好的脂肪补充来源；此外，澳洲坚果中富含的抗氧化剂，可以限制糖尿病患者体内的过氧化过程。美国著名的Jean Carper医学博士说：“油酸能降低血压，平衡血脂、血糖，使之正常”。难以经常就医的糖尿病患者，坚持饮食疗法是比较容易做到的事。

【肿瘤、癌症】：

      在经常食用夏威夷果油的人群里，各种癌症的发病率很低，特别是乳腺癌和胃肠系统的癌症的发病率明显低于其他人群。地中海地区由于食用夏威夷果油，肺癌的发病率比美国低50%。研究发现，澳洲坚果油能减少致癌物的酮衍生物在肠道形成肿瘤的速率。澳洲坚果油的保护作用与其自身富含单不饱和脂肪酸、抗氧化剂以及其他微量元素有关。它们彼此协同作用，增强了保护效应。在防肿瘤食物中澳洲坚果油的摄入（伴随蔬菜水果）特别重要。

       乳腺癌相关研究报道说，妇女如果每天有一餐食用澳洲坚果，能减少25%的癌症危险，如果用澳洲坚果油代替其他食用油可减低50%的癌症。研究表明：单不饱合脂肪酸摄取较多的妇女患乳腺癌的比率大幅降低。研究人员建议人们应以单不饱合脂肪酸替代多不饱合脂肪酸，即以澳洲坚果油替代其他食用油，从而降低患乳腺癌的危险性。

肠癌在另一项研究的研究人员证实，B一谷甾醇是存在于澳洲坚果油中的一种植物脂肪，能阻止前列腺癌细胞的生长。最近的一项研究则表明：澳洲坚果油能预防肠癌，澳洲坚果油同胃酸反应后能防止肠癌与直肠癌的攻击。

Macadamia

【Chinese scientific name 】: macadamia

【Latin name】：Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.

【Nickname (s)】：Queensland chestnut, Australian walnut, macadamia nut, Queensland nut

Phylum (kingdom) : Phylum (kingdom) : Angiosperm

Class: Dicotyledona subclass: Proto-perianth subclass

Ordnance: Ophthalmology of Sanosaurus: Ophthalmology of Sanosaurus

Genus: macadamia genus species: macadamia species

【Distribution】 : Eastern Australia, New Caledonia, Sulawesi, Indonesia

【Medicinal value】 :

Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease: Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases in industrialized countries, and the occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to diet. Macadamia nut oil is a natural vegetable oil high in monounsaturated fatty acids. Not only does it have no cholesterol of its own, but it also lowers blood LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) while maintaining or even increasing HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol). The bidirectional adjustment effect of this kind of kill two birds with one stone is other adipose place does not have. That's why macadamia oil may help prevent heart disease.

Macadamia nut oil is medically proven to be very effective in lowering blood pressure. In a 1996 study abroad, 16 women with high blood pressure agreed to switch to macadamia nut oil for a month. As a result, their blood pressure dropped from 161/94 to 151/85 on average, and both diastolic and systolic blood pressure dropped by almost 10 mmHg.

Long-term consumption of macadamia nut oil, people's blood lipid will be controlled in a healthy state. Due to the biphasic regulation effect of macadamia oil on blood lipid, it can effectively reduce the blood viscosity, thus preventing atherosclerosis and effectively protecting the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. New research has linked macadamia nut oil to preventing blood clots and controlling blood pressure.

Diabetes:

Macadamia nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce blood pressure, regulate and control blood sugar level, and improve lipid metabolism of diabetic patients, so they are the best source of fat supplement for diabetic patients. In addition, macadamia nuts are rich in antioxidants, which can limit the peroxidation process in diabetics. American famous Jean Carper, MD, said: "Oleic acid can lower blood pressure, balance blood lipids and blood sugar, and make them normal". People with diabetes who are difficult to seek frequent medical treatment may find it easier to stick to a diet.

【Tumor, cancer】 :

The incidence of all types of cancer was lower in the people who regularly consumed macadamia nut butter, especially breast and gastrointestinal cancers. The Mediterranean has a 50 percent lower incidence of lung cancer than the United States because of the consumption of macadamia nut oil. Macadamia nut oil has been found to reduce the rate at which ketone derivatives of carcinogens form tumours in the gut. The protective effect of macadamia nut oil is due to its high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and other micronutrients. They work in concert with each other to enhance the protective effect. Intake of macadamia oil (along with fruits and vegetables) is particularly important in anti-tumor foods.

Breast cancer studies have reported that women who eat one meal a day with macadamia nuts can reduce their risk of cancer by 25 percent, and replacing other cooking oils with macadamia nut oil can reduce their risk by 50 percent. Studies have shown that women with higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids have a significantly lower risk of breast cancer. The researchers suggest that people should replace polyunsaturated fatty acids with mono - or macadamia nut oil - to reduce their risk of breast cancer.

Colorectal cancer In a separate study, researchers confirmed that B-sitosterol, a vegetable fat found in macadamia nut oil, can block the growth of prostate cancer cells. A recent study found that macadamia nut oil may protect against bowel cancer, and that macadamia nut oil reacts with stomach acid to protect against both.